Basis for comparison Data Hiding Encapsulation Basic Data hiding concern about data security along with hiding complexity. Encapsulation concerns about wrapping data to hide the complexity of a system. Focus Data Hiding focuses on restricting or permitting the use of data inside the capsule.
Encapsulation focuses on enveloping or wrapping the complex data. Access Specifier The data under data hiding is always private and inaccessible. The data under encapsulation may be private or public. Process Data hiding is a process as well as technique. Encapsulation is a sub-process in data hiding.
Data hiding is a concept in object-oriented programming which confirms the security of members of a class from unauthorized access. Data hiding is a technique of protecting the data members from being manipulated or hacked from any other source.
Data is the most sensitive and volatile content of a program which if manipulated can result in an incorrect output and it also harms the integrity of the data. Data hiding is controlled in Java with the help of access modifiers private, public and protected. The data which is public is accessible from outside the class hence if you want to hide your data or restrict it from being accessed from outside, declare your data private. Private data is only accessible to the objects of that class only.
Let us understand data hiding with the help of an example. Consider your television. You can turn the television on and off, change the channel, adjust its volume and add external components such as VCRs, DVD players and speakers. But you do not know the internal mechanisms of the television.
You are oblivious to how it receives signals, translates them, and finally displays the output. Thus, television is an adept example of the separation between internal implementation and external influence. With data abstraction, class implementation is protected from inadvertent errors and evolves in response to changing requirements or bug reports without user-level interference. Data encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and their related functions into a single unit called class.
Put, if you have an invisible attribute from the outside of an object and bundle it with methods that provide read or write access to it, you can hide delicate information and regulate access to the internal state of the thing. In discussing OOP, data hiding and data encapsulation are often used interchangeably because both these notions cooperate to accomplish a common objective-auxiliary gatekeeper of sensitive information.
The idea of data encapsulation is undoubtedly functionally comparative to data hiding, but since they work at different levels, they are structurally different. Although intrinsically related to each other, there exists a crucial difference between data hiding and data encapsulation. The scope of members of this created class is defined by keywords known as access specifiers.
Access specifiers help define how variables and functions of a type can be accessed from outside the class. Usually, the data within a class is private to eliminate accidental manipulation instances, and its operations are public. However, accessibility within a rank is not bound by any restriction. To better understand data hiding, let us consider the following example. The only disadvantage of data hiding is extra coding. Another might be, if you have many fields which depend on each other, so you can't just modify one field, you need code which does proper modifications to all fields that need it.
Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods or other functions operating on that data.
Improve this answer. Nandkumar Tekale Nandkumar Tekale Joseph Thomson Joseph Thomson 8, 1 1 gold badge 28 28 silver badges 35 35 bronze badges. This one is backed much better than the accepted answer. From abstraction-vs-information-hiding-vs-encapsulation Abstraction and encapsulation are complementary concepts: abstraction focuses on the observable behavior of an object Information Hiding: "Its interface or definition was chosen to reveal as little as possible about its inner workings.
Community Bot 1 1 1 silver badge. Sumit Singh Sumit Singh It would be so nice of you if you gave me examples of these definition: — user Take a look of stefanoricciardi.
I would 5 if I could just for quoting Parnas. Information hiding Conceals how an object implements its functionality behind the abstraction of its API. Eds Eds 1 1 gold badge 5 5 silver badges 7 7 bronze badges.
Harit Vishwakarma Harit Vishwakarma 2, 4 4 gold badges 20 20 silver badges 33 33 bronze badges. Thank you so much. So if access modifies dont contribute to encapsulation the class that i have defined here does achieve encapsulation doesnot it? Harit I'd say encapsulation also means, invariants of the encapsulated object must remain true. This requires accessing the object only through public API. Whether the language prevents accessing them bypassing the API or not enforces information hiding or not is another matter, but encapuslation is not just lumping things together, it also includes the invariants.
Information hiding implies encapsulation, but not the other way round. Alireza Rahmani khalili Alireza Rahmani khalili 1, 2 2 gold badges 23 23 silver badges 28 28 bronze badges.
It would be data encapsulation, i. Maggyero Maggyero 3, 3 3 gold badges 24 24 silver badges 45 45 bronze badges. Specifying " data encapsulation" implies there is an alternative form of encapsulation as well, i. Do you have an example of this other type of encapsulation?
To Answer your question: Information hiding: Is hiding the essential parts of the object which expose the way it is implemented internally and exposing higher abstractions. Umm i have read that encapsulation means bundling data and methods together and also someone here has posted that access modifiers dont contribute to encapsulation. If these statements are true then the class that i have defined does achieve encapsulation. Am i wrong? Please do correct me if i am.
And i meant that if i made the field private would it achieve information-hiding. Encapsulation is putting a security around the data you do want to protect from unauthorised access. This can be achieved with access specifiers and public functions. The variable age is declared as public in your class, so it can be accessed from outside and can be changed, which is not what we want. So we need to make it private. So, in this example, if you make it private, you would achieve information hiding.
Now you have to update references of 60 assemblies instead of one : Information leaking The same thing happens when you expose internal logic to clients.
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